ABSTRACT Introduction: The isometric weight training method combines the benefits of physical endurance and hypertrophy. This teaching method performs the isometric exercise with the appropriate body weight. Objective: Study the effects of isometric training with weights on soccer players’ explosive strength of the lower limbs. Methods: Twenty soccer players were randomly selected and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The real training situation of the athletes was used. The experimental group adopted the isometrics teaching method with weight, while the control group used conventional muscle strength training. The lower limb strength of the two groups of athletes was compared before and after the experiment. Results: The extensor force growth rate in the experimental groups was significantly increased at medium, high and low speeds, while the peak torque did not show significant changes. The soccer players had their muscle strength improved. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Isometric weight training significantly improves mid and fast-extensor muscle strength in young soccer players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El método de enseñanza por isometría con peso combina los beneficios de la resistencia física y la hipertrofia. Este método de enseñanza realiza el ejercicio isométrico con el peso corporal adecuado. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento isométrico con pesas sobre la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores en jugadores de fútbol. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 20 jugadores de fútbol por muestreo aleatorio, divididos por igual en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Se utilizó la situación real de entrenamiento de los atletas. El grupo experimental adoptó el método de enseñanza por isometría con peso, mientras que el grupo de control utilizó el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular convencional. Se comparó la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores de los dos grupos de atletas antes y después del experimento. Resultados: La tasa de crecimiento de la fuerza extensora en los grupos experimentales aumentó significativamente a velocidades medias, altas y bajas, mientras que el par máximo no mostró cambios significativos. Los jugadores de fútbol mejoraron su fuerza muscular. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos (P<0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento isométrico con pesas mejora significativamente la fuerza de los músculos extensores medios y rápidos en jóvenes futbolistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O método de ensino por isometria com peso combina os benefícios de resistência física e hipertrofia. Este método de ensino executa o exercício isométrico com o peso corporal adequado. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento isométrico com pesos sobre a força explosiva dos membros inferiores nos jogadores de futebol. Métodos: Selecionou-se 20 jogadores de futebol por amostragem aleatória, divididos igualmente em grupo experimental e controle. Utilizou-se a situação real de treino dos atletas. O grupo experimental adotou o método de ensino por isometria com peso enquanto o grupo de controle utilizou o treinamento convencional de força muscular. A força dos membros inferiores dos dois grupos de atletas foi comparada antes e após o experimento. Resultado: A taxa de crescimento da força extensora nos grupos experimentais foi significativamente aumentada em velocidades médias, altas e baixas, enquanto o torque de pico não apresentou alterações significativas. Os jogadores de futebol tiveram sua força muscular aprimorada. Houve uma diferença significativa entre os dois grupos (P<0,05). Conclusão: O treinamento isométrico com pesos melhora significativamente a força muscular extensora média e rápida nos jovens jogadores de futebol. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

The main objective of the present work is to build a model and analyze the dynamic evolution process of antiphase domain boundary (APDB) in FeAl alloy. The formation, evolution of APDB, long range order (LRO), the crystal structure transition, impact of temperature on LRO, are investigated. Comparisons with experiments proves that the model is competent for the dynamic investigation of APDB in microscopic scale and able to predict different boundary-types and their corresponding atoms distribution. The dynamic process shows that the initial distribution of premier micro domains determine the morphology of APDB. The morphological evolution of APDB significantly affects the quantity of APDB. The in situ observation shows that the crystal structure of a micro domain is altered by the APDB movement. The calculated LRO revealed that the atoms in Al-sublattice mainly contribute to the low order degree of FeAl at different temperatures.

Abstract Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common human intestinal malabsorption diseases. The only effective treatment for patients with CD is to follow a gluten-free (GF) diet strictly. Nowadays, the increasing incidence of CD promotes worldwide interests for various desirable GF products. However, baking without gluten, the key ingredient for bread structure and quality, is a big challenge for all bakers and cereal researchers. Several approaches have been applied to understand and improve gluten-free bread (GFB) elaboration and further studies are still required. The main focus of this review is to discuss the approaches for GFB improvements in recent 5 years, including the use of novel alternative flours, functional ingredients, processing aids, additives, innovative techniques, and their combinations.